Copper alloy, 0.85 grams; 13.50 mm. Circa 849/50 - 867 A.D. Obverse: +OSBERHT RE around a central star of eight points. Reverse: +MONNE around a small cross, Moneyer Monne. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0248. S 869. Good Very Fine. Found Melbourne. Only two examples of Osbertht Stycas minted by Monne recorded on the EMC.

Copper alloy, 0.85 grams; 13.50 mm. Circa 849/50 - 867 A.D. Obverse: +OSBERHT RE around a central star of eight points. Reverse: +MONNE around a small cross, Moneyer Monne. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0248. S 869. Good Very Fine. Found Melbourne. Only two examples of Osbertht Stycas minted by Monne recorded on the EMC. SOLD

Osberht became king after Æthelred son of Eanred was murdered. The date of Æthelred's death is not certain, but is generally placed in 848 A.D. However, Symeon of Durham writes that "Ethelred the son of Eanred reigned nine years. When he was slain Osbryht held the kingdom for thirteen years" and states that 854 A.D. was "the fifth year of the rule of Osbert, the successor of Ethelred, who had been put to death". Little is known of Osberht's reign. Symeon states that "Osbert had dared with sacrilegious hand to wrest from that church Wercewurde and Tillemuthe" The Historia de Sancto Cuthberto dates the seizure of these lands to the year before Osberht's death. Osberht was replaced as king by Ælla. While Ælla is described in most sources as a tyrant, and not a rightful king, one source states that he was Osberht's brother. The Great Heathen Army marched on Northumbria in the late summer of 866 A.D., seizing York on 21 November 866 A.D. Symeon of Durham, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, Asser, and Æthelweard all recount substantially the same version of events in varying detail. Symeon's Historia Regum Anglorum gives this account of the battle on 21 March 867 A.D. where Osberht and Ælla met their deaths at the hands of the Vikings.

Copper alloy, 1.09 grams; 12.46 mm. First Reign, circa 841-843/4 A.D. Obverse: +EDILRED REX around a rosette. Reverse: +EANRED, around rosette. Moneyer Eanred. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0257. S 865. Good Very Fine condition. Found Nottinghamshire.

Copper alloy, 1.09 grams; 12.46 mm. First Reign, circa 841-843/4 A.D. Obverse: +EDILRED REX around a rosette. Reverse: +EANRED, around rosette. Moneyer Eanred. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0257. S 865. Good Very Fine condition. Found Nottinghamshire. SOLD

Æthelred was king of Northumbria. He was the son of Eanred. Relatively little is known of his reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed the same year, fighting against Vikings, and Æthelred was restored to power. He was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. The dating of Æthelred's reign is extremely problematic. According to the written sources, he was expelled in 844 A.D. and assassinated in 849 A.D., but recent reinterpretations of ninth century Northumbrian chronology based on numismatic evidence argue for his reign beginning circa. 854 A.D., his expulsion having taken place circa. 858 A.D., and his assassination circa. 862 A.D. The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc, which began in his father's reign, continued in Æthelred's. Large numbers of his styca coins have been found, again minted in York by a number of moneyers. A moneyer active in this period named Eardwulf was sometimes confused with Æthelred's grandfather King Eardwulf in older works on numismatics. Written and numismatic evidence agrees that Æthelred was succeeded by Osberht.

Copper Alloy, 0.78 grams; 12.53 mm. First reign, circa 841 - 843/4 A.D. Obverse: +EDILRED REX around annulet containing pellet. Reverse: +FORDRED, around annulet containing pellet. Moneyer Forthraed. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0258. S 865/868. Very Fine condition. Found Nottinghamshire.

Copper Alloy, 0.78 grams; 12.53 mm. First reign, circa 841 - 843/4 A.D. Obverse: +EDILRED REX around annulet containing pellet. Reverse: +FORDRED, around annulet containing pellet. Moneyer Forthraed. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0258. S 865/868. Very Fine condition. Found Nottinghamshire. SOLD

Æthelred was king of Northumbria. He was the son of Eanred. Relatively little is known of his reign from the surviving documentary record. He appears to have been expelled in favour of Rædwulf, whose reign is confirmed by the evidence of coinage. However, Rædwulf was killed the same year, fighting against Vikings, and Æthelred was restored to power. He was assassinated a few years later, but no further details are known of his murder. The dating of Æthelred's reign is extremely problematic. According to the written sources, he was expelled in 844 A.D. and assassinated in 849 A.D., but recent reinterpretations of ninth century Northumbrian chronology based on numismatic evidence argue for his reign beginning circa. 854 A.D., his expulsion having taken place circa. 858 A.D., and his assassination circa. 862 A.D. The new styca coinage, small brass coins containing very little silver and much zinc, which began in his father's reign, continued in Æthelred's. Large numbers of his styca coins have been found, again minted in York by a number of moneyers. A moneyer active in this period named Eardwulf was sometimes confused with Æthelred's grandfather King Eardwulf in older works on numismatics. Written and numismatic evidence agrees that Æthelred was succeeded by Osberht.

Copper alloy, 1.10 grams; 15.55 mm. Circa 840 - 848 A.D. Obverse: + EDILRED REX around a central Cross. Reverse: + EARDVVLF around a central cross. Moneyer Eardwulf. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0249. S 868. Very Fine. Found Yorkshire.

Copper alloy, 1.10 grams; 15.55 mm. Circa 840 - 848 A.D. Obverse: + EDILRED REX around a central Cross. Reverse: + EARDVVLF around a central cross. Moneyer Eardwulf. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0249. S 868. Very Fine. Found Yorkshire. SOLD

Silver, 0.86 grams; 12.06 mm. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure with pellet eye. Reverse. Standard containing annulet and two long cross potents. M. 214-53; S 790. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0242. A rare variety, no recorded examples with long crosses instead of the TOTTI standard. Good Very Fine. Found Harston, Cambs.

Silver, 0.86 grams; 12.06 mm. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure with pellet eye. Reverse. Standard containing annulet and two long cross potents. M. 214-53; S 790. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0242. A rare variety, no recorded examples with long crosses instead of the TOTTI standard. Good Very Fine. Found Harston, Cambs. SOLD

Silver, 0.98 grams; 20.18 mm. Circa 943 - 946 A.D. A denier of Richard I, The Fearless, more commonly known as the Great Grandfather of William the Conqueror, who defeated England's last Saxon monarch Harold II in 1066. Obverse: Legend around a monogram. Reverse: Legend around a plain cross with pellet in each angle. Good Very Fine and Rare.

Silver, 0.98 grams; 20.18 mm. Circa 943 - 946 A.D. A denier of Richard I, The Fearless, more commonly known as the Great Grandfather of William the Conqueror, who defeated England's last Saxon monarch Harold II in 1066. Obverse: Legend around a monogram. Reverse: Legend around a plain cross with pellet in each angle. Good Very Fine and Rare. SOLD

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Laon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellesme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Silver, 1.30 grams; 20.13 mm. Circa 943 - 946 A.D. A denier of Richard I, The Fearless, more commonly known as the Great Grandfather of William the Conqueror, who defeated England's last Saxon monarch Harold II in 1066. Obverse: Legend around Chi-Ru monogram. Reverse: Legend around a plain cross with pellet in each angle. Good Very Fine and Rare.

Silver, 1.30 grams; 20.13 mm. Circa 943 - 946 A.D. A denier of Richard I, The Fearless, more commonly known as the Great Grandfather of William the Conqueror, who defeated England's last Saxon monarch Harold II in 1066. Obverse: Legend around Chi-Ru monogram. Reverse: Legend around a plain cross with pellet in each angle. Good Very Fine and Rare. SOLD

Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Laon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellesme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.

Silver, 0.82 grams; 11.11 mm. Circa. 710 - 760 A.D. Eclectic Group related to Series K and L. Obverse: Diademed bust right, with decorated drapery, 'II ICD' to front within a beaded circle. Reverse: Ecclesiastical figure facing, holding a long cross in each hand, standing and both resting on an 'exergue' line, all within a beaded circle. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0241. M 336 - 40; S 801 variant. Only nine C ARIP coins recorded and ONLY ONE WITH TWO LONG CROSSES ON THE REVERSE. Extremely Rare issue. Metcalf states that this is the fourth type and is of the highest interest. Found Suffolk 2007. Very Fine, books at £525 in VF in coins of England 2008. Found Cambs.

Silver, 0.82 grams; 11.11 mm. Circa. 710 - 760 A.D. Eclectic Group related to Series K and L. Obverse: Diademed bust right, with decorated drapery, 'II ICD' to front within a beaded circle. Reverse: Ecclesiastical figure facing, holding a long cross in each hand, standing and both resting on an 'exergue' line, all within a beaded circle. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0241. M 336 - 40; S 801 variant. Only nine C ARIP coins recorded and ONLY ONE WITH TWO LONG CROSSES ON THE REVERSE. Extremely Rare issue. Metcalf states that this is the fourth type and is of the highest interest. Found Suffolk 2007. Very Fine, books at £525 in VF in coins of England 2008. Found Cambs. SOLD

Dr Metcalf writes: "it shows beyond any doubt that types borrowed from different series were copied by a single die-cutter, the C ARIP group is the locus clssicus for eclectic groups of sceattas - which directly challenge the concept of series".

Silver, 0.28 grams; 8.93 mm. BMC 7, Circa 1154 – 1158 A.D., largely posthumous. Obverse: Bust left, pelleted collar visible. Reverse: Voided cross pommee between arms, Stephen type 7, uncertain mint and moneyer. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0240. S 1282. Extremely Fine. Found Hants.

This rare type continued to be struck until 1158 in the reign of Henry II.

Silver, 0.28 grams; 8.93 mm. BMC 7, Circa 1154 – 1158 A.D., largely posthumous. Obverse: Bust left, pelleted collar visible. Reverse: Voided cross pommee between arms, Stephen type 7, uncertain mint and moneyer. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0240. S 1282. Extremely Fine. Found Hants. SOLD

This rare type continued to be struck until 1158 in the reign of Henry II.

Silver, 0.91 grams; 18.87 mm. Circa 823 - 825 A.D. Obverse: +BEL[ ]X CANT (NT ligated) around a central cross. Reverse: [ ]GESTE[ ]. Moneyer Sigestæf at Canterbury. Only two other Baldred coins of this moneyer recorded with the Medieval Coin Corpus (EMC) at the Fitzwilliam Museum and Sylloge of Coins (SCBI) of the British Isles, and none from these dies. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2007.0210. S 880. The majority of an excessively rare coin in Good Very Fine. There are only fifteen of his coins are known acording to Wikipedia.

Silver, 0.91 grams; 18.87 mm. Circa 823 - 826 A.D. Obverse: +BEL[ ]X CANT (NT ligated) around a central cross. Reverse: [ ]GESTE[ ]. Moneyer Sigestæf at Canterbury. Only two other Baldred coins of this moneyer recorded with the Medieval Coin Corpus (EMC) at the Fitzwilliam Museum and Sylloge of Coins (SCBI) of the British Isles, and none from these dies. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2007.0210. S 880. The majority of an excessively rare coin in Good Very Fine. There are only fifteen of his coins of this Monarch are known to exist acording to Wikipedia. SOLD

Roger of Wendover states that: "In the year of our Lord 807, Cuthred, king of Kent, ended his days, and was succeeded in the kingdom by Baldred." However, the 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' does not actually name a successor, and it seems likely that there was no separate king of Kent as such. In charters, both Cenwulf (809 A.D.) and, his successor, Ceolwulf (822 and 823 A.D.), are referred to as "king of Mercia and Kent". Baldred appears to have been a puppet of the Mercian regime (possibly a relative of the Mercian king Beornwulf). William of Malmesbury (who assumes that he was Cuthred's direct successor) describes Baldred as "... a mere abortion of a king ... having for eighteen years more properly possessed than governed the kingdom ..." In 825 A.D., the Mercians were decisively beaten by Ecgberht of Wessex. The 'Anglo-Saxon Chronicle' says that Ecgberht then "... sent his son Æthelwulf from the army, and Ealhstan, his bishop, and Wulfeard, his ealdorman, to Kent with a great troop, and they drove Baldred the king north over the Thames; and the inhabitants of Kent turned to him - and the Surrey men and South Saxons and East Saxons - because earlier they were wrongly forced away from his relatives." (That passage from the 1996 translation by Michael Swanton).The 'Chronicle' incorrectly places the above events two years earlier, but, in any case, a Kentish charter suggests that Baldred was not expelled from Kent until 826 A.D.Kent, along with the other provinces that surrendered to Æthelwulf, formed an eastern sub-kingdom of Wessex. In 860, this sub-kingdom was integrated into Wessex proper.

Silver, 1.19 grams; 11.81 mm. Circa 710 - 760 A.D. Obverse: Crowned bust right, set on pyramid, runic EPA legend in front. Reverse: Standard containing TOTTII. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0239. Good Very Fine. Found Oxforsdshire.

Silver, 1.19 grams; 11.81 mm. Circa 710 - 760 A.D. Obverse: Crowned bust right, set on pyramid, runic EPA legend in front. Reverse: Standard containing TOTTII. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0239. Good Very Fine. Found Oxforsdshire. SOLD

Billon Silver, 0.85 grams; 13.43 mm. Either an English or continental contemporary plated copy of a Merovingian denier, with a crude bust with diadem, eye, nose and drapery clearly visible, and on the reverse is a monogram, typical of Merovingian deniers. They are a rare find in the UK, and clearly did not have the dominant role in the English currency that tremisses had in the early 7th. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2005.0150. Very Fine. Found North Essex. We can find no other similar example published. There are no comparable examples on the Medieval Coin Corpus (EMC) at the Fitzwilliam Museum or in the Sylloge of Coins (SCBI) in the British Museum.

Billon Silver, 0.85 grams; 13.43 mm. Either an English or continental contemporary plated copy of a Merovingian denier, with a crude bust with diadem, eye, nose and drapery clearly visible, and on the reverse is a monogram, typical of Merovingian deniers. They are a rare find in the UK, and clearly did not have the dominant role in the English currency that tremisses had in the early 7th. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2005.0150. Very Fine. Found North Essex. We can find no other similar example published. There are no comparable examples on the Medieval Coin Corpus (EMC) at the Fitzwilliam Museum or in the Sylloge of Coins (SCBI) in the British Museum. SOLD

Silver, 1.07 grams; 12.29 mm. Later issue Standard. Circa 694 - 740 A.D. Obverse: "Porcupine" with three lines and inverted V below. Reverse: Standard with four symbols and annulet in centre, with four pelletsI. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0238. M. 214-53. S 790. Good Extremely Fine condition. Found Linton, Cambs.

Silver, 1.07 grams; 12.29 mm. Later issue Standard. Circa 694 - 740 A.D. Obverse: "Porcupine" with three lines and inverted V below. Reverse: Standard with four symbols and annulet in centre, with four pelletsI. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0238. M. 214-53. S 790. Good Extremely Fine condition. Found Linton, Cambs. SOLD

Silver, 1.15 grams; 12.13 mm. Circa 695 - 740 A.D. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure with a rare pyramid below. Reverse: Square standard containing VICO. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0237. S 778; M 198?. Example M 198 is off struck but shows a geometric shape below the porcupine. Very Fine and Excessively Rare. Found Harston, Cambs.

Silver, 1.15 grams; 12.13 mm. Circa 695 - 740 A.D. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure with a rare pyramid below. Reverse: Square standard containing VICO. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0237. S 778; M 198?. Example M 198 is off struck but shows a geometric shape below the porcupine. Very Fine and Excessively Rare. Found Harston, Cambs. SOLD

Silver, 0.99 grams; 21.18 mm. 939 - 946 A.D. Obverse: +EADMVND REX, around crowned bust of King Eadmund to outer circle, facing right. Reverse: Moneyer's name around small cross pattee with inner circle, ANUGER MoHET, moneyer ANUGER. S 1106, normal common moneyer books at £2,000.00 in VF in Coins of England 2008. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0234. Nibbled edge and tiny hole in centre, otherwise Good Fine and UNIQUE.

Silver, 0.99 grams; 21.18 mm. 939 - 946 A.D. Obverse: +EADMVND REX, around crowned bust of King Eadmund to outer circle, facing right. Reverse: Moneyer's name around small cross pattee with inner circle, ANUGER MoHET, moneyer ANUGER. S 1106, normal common moneyer books at £2,000.00 in VF in Coins of England 2008. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC 2008.0234. Nibbled edge and tiny hole in centre, otherwise Good Fine and UNIQUE. SOLD

NO OTHER COINS OF THIS MONEYER recorded with the Medieval Coin Corpus (EMC) at the Fitzwilliam Museum or the Sylloge of Coins in the British Isles (SCBI), or published anywhere else.

Dr Martin Allen at the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University writes: "Many thanks for this new coin, which I have recorded as EMC 2008.0234. This is indeed a coin of a new moneyer, Anuger, and there is no reason to suspect that it is a [Viking] copy".

Edmund the Magnificent was the eldest son of King Edward the Elder by his third wife, Edgith. At the age of sixteen, he fought valiantly alongside King Aethelstan in AD 937 expelling the ruling Norse from Northern England at the Battle of Brunanburgh. Edmund was therefore the first King to inherit a united England upon Aethelstan's death two years later. Soon after, however, Olaf Guthrithson retook York and raided throughout the Midlands. Edmund marched North and besieged King Olaf and Archbishop Wulfstan of York in Leicester. Eventually Wulfstan and the Archbishop of Canterbury negotiated a peace treaty whereby the border between York and Wessex was set at Watling Street. When Olaf Guthfrithson was killed raiding northern Northumbria in AD 941, Edmund moved north to take the Five Boroughs of the East Midlands from his successor, Olaf Sigtryggson; whilst also crushing the Welsh revolt of King Idwal of Gwynedd. By AD 944, Edmund felt secure enough to move on York itself, where he expelled both Olaf Sigtryggson and his rival, Ragnall Guthfrithson. Olaf retired to Dublin. The following year, Edmund ravaged Strathclyde and killed its troublesome King, Donald mac Donald. He returned the Kingdom to its Scottish overlord, Malcolm I, thus recognising Northumbria as the northern limit of Anglo-Saxon England.

Billon Silver, 0.99 grams; 11.49 mm. Circa 695 - 740 A.D. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure. Reverse: TOTTII standard. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0236. M 209-11; S 786A Variant. Very Fine. The first English immative porcupine we have had. Found Harston, Cambs.

Billon Silver, 0.99 grams; 11.49 mm. Circa 695 - 740 A.D. Obverse: Quilled porcupine figure. Reverse: TOTTII standard. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0236. M 209-11; S 786A Variant. Very Fine. The first English immative porcupine we have had. Found Harston, Cambs. SOLD

Silver, 0.98 grams; 12.50 mm. Circa 680 - 710 A.D. Obverse: Male head with a large neck facing right, wearing a large brimmed hat with a blundered legend around. Reverse: TOTII, with cross on steps UPSIDE DOWN, annulet at the end of each arm of the cross, various symbols and legend around. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0235. S 781; M 136 - 137. Good Very Fine, a lovely little coin. Found Northamptonshire [recorded with the Portable Antiquity Scheme].

Silver, 0.98 grams; 12.50 mm. Circa 680 - 710 A.D. Obverse: Male head with a large neck facing right, wearing a large brimmed hat with a blundered legend around. Reverse: TOTII, with cross on steps UPSIDE DOWN, annulet at the end of each arm of the cross, various symbols and legend around. Recorded with the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge University as: EMC: 2008.0235. S 781; M 136 - 137. Good Very Fine, a lovely little coin. Found Northamptonshire [recorded with the Portable Antiquity Scheme]. SOLD